chokepoints.ai
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10 layers580 nodes2,376 dependencies9 chokepoints112 bottlenecks6,500+ companiesnode size = companies identified

Transmission, grid and interconnection

BOTTLENECK

Hitachi Energy holds pricing power through record order books as interconnection queues face multi-year backlogs.

Everything between power plant output and data centre input: overhead lines, cables, substations, HVDC links, and grid management systems. AI compute growth is stretching this infrastructure to its limits, with interconnection queues now multi-year backlogs. Utilities earn regulated returns; equipment makers and EPC firms hold pricing power through record order books.

All equipment, infrastructure, institutions and services between the generator step-up transformer secondary (HV busbar) and the data-centre service entrance; includes overhead lines, underground and submarine cables, substations, HVDC/FACTS, grid software, interconnection processes, and associated O&M.

What the evidence shows

New high-voltage transmission lines typically take 8 to 12 years to build due to permitting procedures.

energy.stanford.edu

Interconnection wait times increased from under 2 years to over 4 years, median 5 years for projects built in 2023.

emp.lbl.gov
RESCORED JUL 2026fragmentedlegacy941 companies

Who controls it

Hitachi EnergySiemens Energy+939 more tracked

No independently verified market-size figure is published for this node yet.

Where it sits in the stack

Takes in: Power at generator HV busbar

Sends on: Power at data-centre service entrance (utility metering point)

53 upstream · 4 downstream

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Related nodes

No other tracked node in the atlas currently shares this parent.

Full scorecard, owner shares, supply edges and the full tracked roster are in the desk letter.

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